Aoineko: /* Principles */

2026-09-26T20:13:07Z

‎Principles

Aoineko at 20:11, 26 September 2026

2026-09-26T20:11:04Z

Aoineko: Created page with "{{WARNING|This page is still in the proposal stage and should not yet be considered an official specification.}} Proposal for an extension to the NEO mapper format. == S..."

2026-09-26T19:59:55Z

Created page with "{{WARNING|This page is still in the proposal stage and should not yet be considered an official specification.}} Proposal for an extension to the NEO mapper format. == S..."

New page

{{WARNING|This page is still in the proposal stage and should not yet be considered an official specification.}}

Proposal for an extension to the [[NEO mapper]] format.

== Specifications ==

=== Principles ===

Any write operation to the NEO mapper with data bit 7 set to 1 and address bit 0 set to 1 is considered an access to extended features. In that case, the mapper bank register is not modified.

All other write operations should be considered normal access to the mapper's bank register.

The data contains:
* The number of an extended function in the mapper
* A bit indicating whether the function should be enabled or disabled

The address contains an 8-bit parameter to be passed to the function.
{|
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ ADDRESS
|-
! 15 || 14 || 13 || 12 || 11 || 10 || 9 || 8 || 7 || 6 || 5 || 4 || 3 || 2 || 1 || 0
|-
|style="background-color:#BBB;" colspan="2"| Page
|style="background-color:#FAA;"| 0
|style="background-color:#FAA;"| 0
|style="background-color:#FAA;"| 0
|style="background-color:#BBB;"| 0
|style="background-color:#BBB;"| 0
|style="background-color:#BBB;"| 0
|style="background-color:#AAF;" colspan="8"| Function
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ DATA
|-
! 7 || 6 || 5 || 4 || 3 || 2 || 1 || 0
|-
|style="background-color:#AAF;" colspan="8"| Parameter
|}
|}

=== Functions ===
==== 0x00: Cartridge information ====
When activated, any read access to the given bank will return the cartridge information (8 KB, mirrored on NEO-16).
{| class="wikitable"
|+ PARAMETER
|-
! 8 || 7 || 6 || 5 || 4 || 3 || 2 || 1
|-
|style="background-color:#BBB;"| 0
|style="background-color:#BBB;"| 0
|style="background-color:#BBB;"| 0
|style="background-color:#BBB;"| 0
|style="background-color:#BBB;"| 0
|style="background-color:#AAF;" colspan="5"| ROM Bank
|}

Examples:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Action || Pseudo-code
|-
| Activate information in bank 2 of NEO-16 || <tt>[0x7005] = 0xC0</tt>
|-
| Read information (offset +5) from bank 2 of NEO-16 || <tt>BankSize = [0x8005]</tt>
|-
| Disactivate information in bank 2 of NEO-16 || <tt>[0x7005] = 0x80</tt>
|}

==== 0x01: Cartridge configuration ====

==== 0x04: Activate SRAM/FRAM ====
When activated, any read/write access to the specified bank (defined in the parameter) is redirected to the selected segment of the SRAM/FRAM.

SRAM/FRAM is accessed through 8 KB segments (on the NEO-16, the segment is mirrored).

Up to 16 segments can be accessed, for a total capacity of 128 KB.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ PARAMETER
|-
! 8 || 7 || 6 || 5 || 4 || 3 || 2 || 1
|-
|style="background-color:#AAF;" colspan="4"| RAM Segment
|style="background-color:#BBB;"| 0
|style="background-color:#AAF;" colspan="5"| ROM Bank
|}

==== 0x05: Activate device ====
Activate or disactivate the given device.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ PARAMETER
|-
! 8 || 7 || 6 || 5 || 4 || 3 || 2 || 1
|-
|style="background-color:#BBB;"| 0
|style="background-color:#BBB;"| 0
|style="background-color:#BBB;"| 0
|style="background-color:#AAF;" colspan="5"| Device ID
|}

Devices:
* <tt>00</tt>: MSX-Music (OPLL)
* <tt>01</tt>: MSX-Audio
* <tt>02</tt>: SCC
* <tt>03</tt>: SCC+
* <tt>04</tt>: 2nd PSG (port 10h)
* <tt>05</tt>: Darky (2 x ePSG)
* <tt>06</tt>: Darky Jr. (2 x PSG)
* <tt>08</tt>: OPM (SFK-01, SFG-01 et SFG-05 ver.1)
* <tt>09</tt>: OPP (SFG-05 ver.2)
* <tt>12</tt>: OPL4
* <tt>15</tt>: SAM2695

== Appendix ==
=== Programmable processor and emulation ===
Here is a pseudo code in C to handle NEO mappers extension for programmable processor based cartridges or for emulators:

NEO-16 mapper:
<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
const uint8* romData; // ROM data
uint16 bankValue[3]; // Bank switching register value

// Extended function prototypes
typedef void (*funcEnable_t)(bool, uint8);
typedef void (*funcWrite_t)(uint16, uint8);
typedef uint8 (*funcRead_t)(uint16);
// Extended functions table
funcEnable_t funcEnableTable[32];
funcWrite_t funcWriteTable[3];
funcRead_t funcReadTable[3];

// Handle device initialization
void NEO16_Init()
{
for (uint8 i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
bankValue[i] = 0x0000;
funcWriteTable[i] = NULL;
funcReadTable[i] = NULL;
}
for (uint8 i = 0; i < 32; i++)
funcEnableTable[i] = NULL;
}

// Handle write access
void NEO16_Write(uint16 address, uint8 value)
{
uint8 bank = ((address >> 12) & 0x03) - 1; // Get the corresponding bank number
if (bank > 2)
return; // skip

if (funcWriteTable[bank] != NULL) // Check for bank write callback
{
funcWriteTable[bank](address, value);
}
else if ((address & 0x0001) && (value & 0x80)) // Handle extended function
{
uint8 funcId = value & 0x3F; // Get function ID
if (funcEnableTable[funcId] != NULL)
funcEnableTable[funcId](value & 0x40, (address >> 1) & 0xFF); // Execute function specific code
}
else // Write to the given bank register
{
if (address & 1) // Set bank register MSB
bankValue[bank] = ((value & 0x0F) << 8) | (bankValue[bank] & 0x00FF);
else // Set bank register LSB
bankValue[bank] = (bankValue[bank] & 0xFF00) | (value);
}
}

// Handle read access
uint8 NEO16_Read(uint16 address)
{
uint8 bank = address >> 14; // Get the corresponding bank number
if (bank > 2)
return 0xFF; // skip

if (funcReadTable[bank] != NULL) // Check for bank read callback
return funcReadTable[bank](address);
else
return romData[(bankValue[bank]) << 14 + (address & 0x3FFF)];
}
</syntaxhighlight>

=== Extension example ===
Here is a pseudo code in C to handle a SRAM extension for NEO mapper:

<syntaxhighlight lang="c">
uint8 sramSeg; // Current SRAM segment [0:15]
uint8 sramBank; // Current bank where SRAM is selected (0xFF if not selected)
uint8* sramData; // SRAM data (hardware specific)

// Write to SRAM
void SRAM_Write(uint16 address, uint8 value)
{
sramData[(sramSeg * 0x2000) + (address & 0x1FFF)] = value; //
}

// Read from SRAM
uint8 SRAM_Read(uint16 address)
{
return sramData[(sramSeg * 0x2000) + (address & 0x1FFF)];
}

// Enable/disable SRAM feature
void SRAM_Enable(bool enable, uint8 param)
{
if (sramBank != 0xFF) // Disable previous SRAM registration
{
if (funcWriteTable[sramBank] == SRAM_Write)
funcWriteTable[sramBank] = NULL;
if (funcReadTable[sramBank] == SRAM_Read)
funcReadTable[sramBank] = NULL;
sramBank = 0xFF;
}

if (enable) // Enable a SRAM segment in the given bank
{
uint8 bank = param & 0x07; // Get bank number
if (bank > 2)
return; // skip (for NEO-16)

sramSeg = (param >> 4) & 0x0F; // SRAM segment number
sramBank = bank;
funcWriteTable[sramBank] = SRAM_Write; // Register SRAM callbacks
funcReadTable[sramBank] = SRAM_Read;
}
}

// Initialize SRAM feature
void SRAM_Init()
{
sramBank = 0xFF;
funcEnableTable[0x04] = SRAM_Enable; // Register to function 0x04 (SRAM/FRAM feature)
}
</syntaxhighlight>

Then, you just need to call <tt>SRAM_Init()</tt> from <tt>NEO16_Init()</tt> to register the extended feature.

@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
 |style="background-color:#FAA;"| 0
 |style="background-color:#FAA;"| 0
-|style="background-color:#BBB;"| 0
+|style="background-color:#AAF;" colspan="3"| Bank
 |style="background-color:#AAF;" colspan="8"| Function
 |}
@@ Line 38: / Line 36: @@
 |}
 |}
 === Functions ===

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 === Principles ===
-Any write operation to the NEO mapper with data bit 7 set to 1 and address bit 0 set to 1 is considered an access to extended features. In that case, the mapper bank register is not modified.
+Any write operation to the NEO mapper with address bits 10-12 set to 0 is considered as access to extended features. In that case, the mapper bank register is not modified.
 All other write operations should be considered normal access to the mapper's bank register.
-The data contains:
+The address contains an 8-bit function ID.
 {|
 |-

NEO mapper/Extension2 - Revision history

Aoineko: /* Principles */

Aoineko at 20:11, 26 September 2026

Aoineko: Created page with "{{WARNING|This page is still in the proposal stage and should not yet be considered an official specification.}} Proposal for an extension to the NEO mapper format. == S..."