ROM type signature
From MSX Game Library
This documentation is a proposal for ROM type signature to help Flash tools and emulators correctly detect ROM formats and, in particular, the type of mapper used.
Note: All the strings of this page are defined without zero-terminator.
ROM type signature
The ROM type signature is 8 bytes long and placed just after the ROM header starting with "AB".
| Mapper | Signature |
|---|---|
| Plan 16 KB | "ROM_PL16" |
| Plan 32 KB | "ROM_PL32" |
| Plan 48 KB | "ROM_PL48" |
| Plan 64 KB | "ROM_PL64" |
| ASCII 8 KB | "ROM_ASC8" |
| ASCII 16 KB | "ROM_AS16" |
| Konami 8 KB (K4) | "ROM_KON4" |
| Konami 8 KB with SCC (K5) | "ROM_KON5" |
| NEO 8 KB | "ROM_NEO8" |
| NEO 16 KB | "ROM_NE16" |
Detection
Most of the time, the ROM header is at the beginning of the .ROM file, so the signature is at offset 16 of this file. However, there are formats where this is not the case, such as a 32 KB ROM with its header visible at address 0x8000 of the memory space and therefore placed in the .ROM file at offset 0x4000.
For the ROM mappers, the header can be in the segment selected by default in the bank that cover addresses from 0x4000 or in segment selected by default in the bank that cover addresses from 0x8000. In ASCII mappers, segment 0 (the first segment) is selected in all banks, so the header is necessarily at the beginning of the .ROM file. However, with the Konami with SCC mapper, if bank 0 (which covers addresses from 0x4000) is initialized on segment 0 (the start of the ROM file), bank 2 (which covers addresses from 0x8000) is initialized on segment 2 at offset 0x4000 of the ROM file. Both locations should be checked for ROM header and signature.
Appendix
Signature as code
The 4 first bytes of the ROM type signature "ROM_", have been choose because the Z80 instructions it generates is so incoherent that it's extremely unlikely that a program would start with these instructions and therefore unintentionally contain a valid signature. The next 4 bytes further increase the security of this signature.
Z80 instructions generated by the first 4 bytes of the signature:
ld d, d ld c, a ld c, l ld e, a
Known ROM signature
| Device | Signature | Size |
|---|---|---|
| MSX-Audio | "AUDIO" | 5 bytes |
| Internal MSX-Music (and FM-PAC clone) | "APRLOPLL" | 8 bytes |
| FM-PAC | "OPLL" | 4 bytes |